TY - JOUR AU - Nevolko, Olga PY - 2017/05/02 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Monitoring of Brucellosis in Agricultural Animals in Ukraine During 2013-2015 JF - Online Journal of Public Health Informatics JA - OJPHI VL - 9 IS - 1 SE - One Health DO - 10.5210/ojphi.v9i1.7750 UR - https://ojphi.org/ojs/index.php/ojphi/article/view/7750 SP - AB - <div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 284.47px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.08117);" data-canvas-width="56.563006734006734">Objective</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 297.73px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0219);" data-canvas-width="338.5739461279461">Analysis of brucellosis monitoring in agricultural animals in</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 312.511px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.983239);" data-canvas-width="348.62386818181807">Ukraine to control epizootic situation and prevent possible brucellosis</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 327.292px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00048);" data-canvas-width="55.14327777777777">in humans.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 355.42px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.11744);" data-canvas-width="73.28565488215487">Introduction</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 368.68px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03142);" data-canvas-width="336.6378378787878">Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 383.461px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.961792);" data-canvas-width="350.2684922558924">Only 17 countries informed WHO that their territory is free from</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 398.242px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00411);" data-canvas-width="351.3226095959592">brucellosis. About 500 thousand cases of brucellosis in humans</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 413.023px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.969706);" data-canvas-width="350.6617446127945">are registered in the world each year. The problem of brucellosis</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 427.804px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.94961);" data-canvas-width="349.9945976430975">has remained actual to agriculture and health care for many years.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 442.585px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01269);" data-canvas-width="349.4782183501683">Almost all agricultural animals are highly susceptible to brucellosis.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 457.366px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.99421);" data-canvas-width="348.6527653198653">Socio-economic significance of brucellosis problem is determined by</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 472.148px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.99702);" data-canvas-width="348.94048030303026">peculiarities of the course of the disease and the main contingent that</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 486.929px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.980258);" data-canvas-width="348.53089478114464">can be infected, namely the working population that is connected with</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 501.71px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01138);" data-canvas-width="349.4153984848484">both professional factors and social reasons. Brucellosis is a chronic</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 516.491px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.95495);" data-canvas-width="350.02098198653187">infectious disease. The disease in animals has the following signs:</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 531.272px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.972048);" data-canvas-width="350.47202861952877">abortions and retention of secundines, orchitis, unviable litter and</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 546.053px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00806);" data-canvas-width="349.1905033670033">sterility. Brucellosis is included to the list of quarantine diseases due</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 560.834px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00107);" data-canvas-width="92.13161447811449">to its social threat.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 588.962px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0727);" data-canvas-width="51.65049326599326">Methods</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 602.222px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04119);" data-canvas-width="336.5662232323231">Studies of blood sera of cattle, small ruminants, horses and pigs</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 617.003px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.99328);" data-canvas-width="348.74071313131304">from different Ukrainian regions that were selected during the annual</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 631.784px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0095);" data-canvas-width="349.4040909090908">spring clinical examination in 2013-2015. The following serological</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 646.565px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01931);" data-canvas-width="349.65788316498316">methods were used for the studies: complement-fixation test (CFT),</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 661.346px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00046);" data-canvas-width="350.8765885521886">agglutination reaction (AR), Rose Bengal test (RBT), prolonged</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 676.127px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00532);" data-canvas-width="169.61363636363637">complement fixation test (PCFT).</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 704.255px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.08437);" data-canvas-width="45.38107070707071">Results</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 717.515px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.962184);" data-canvas-width="336.8124771043772">Currently, Ukraine is free from brucellosis of animals. The last</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 732.296px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.982983);" data-canvas-width="350.76099999999985">brucellosis case in pigs was registered in 2008 in Odesa Oblast.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 747.077px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.973843);" data-canvas-width="345.9414599326597">The last case of brucellosis in cattle in Ukraine was registered in 1992.</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 761.858px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.99553);" data-canvas-width="337.8829276094278">According to the Ministry of Health, a case of brucellosis in</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 776.639px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00365);" data-canvas-width="255.41300841750837">humans is registered in Ukraine almost every year.</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 791.42px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.978684);" data-canvas-width="337.2220626262625">Annual serological brucellosis studies of servicing bulls, cows,</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 806.201px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01556);" data-canvas-width="349.4040909090907">heifers older than one year, horses, stud rams, ewes, boars and sows</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 820.983px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00069);" data-canvas-width="160.1278367003367">are held once a year in Ukraine.</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 835.764px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.973414);" data-canvas-width="334.96808585858554">During 2013-2015, the monitoring serological brucellosis studies of</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 850.545px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.976061);" data-canvas-width="348.6163297979795">blood sera from cattle, small ruminants, horses and pigs from different</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 865.326px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01357);" data-canvas-width="349.44555202020194">farms in 25 oblasts of Ukraine were conducted at State Laboratories</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 880.107px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00308);" data-canvas-width="348.8877116161615">of Veterinary Medicine and State Scientific and Research Institute of</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 894.888px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00585);" data-canvas-width="316.47391750841734">Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise.</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 909.669px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06796);" data-canvas-width="193.67364478114484">Table 1. Serological research results</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 924.451px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.951817);" data-canvas-width="336.99088552188556">In 2013, seropositive results were obtained in AR Crimea – six</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 939.232px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03101);" data-canvas-width="349.8375479797979">cases in cattle, Dnipropetrovsk oblast - 12, Kyiv oblast – 31, Sumy</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 954.013px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988167);" data-canvas-width="348.6251245791245">oblast – 118, and Luhansk oblast – 25 using AR and RBT techniques.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 968.794px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00812);" data-canvas-width="349.3136303030303">In small ruminants, seropositive results were determined in Luhansk</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 983.575px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.991406);" data-canvas-width="348.7105595959595">oblast – 26 animals (AR). Testing pigs by RBT showed the following</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 998.356px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.998634);" data-canvas-width="348.93922390572374">positive results: 82 animals in Dnipropetrovsk oblast, 16 in Luhansk,</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 1013.14px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.993751);" data-canvas-width="348.75704629629615">and 1 in Sumy oblast. Twenty seven horses were detected positive by</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 1027.92px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00093);" data-canvas-width="120.0613265993266">RBT in Luhansk oblast.</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 1042.7px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04574);" data-canvas-width="228.24969865319872">Fig. 1. Brucellosis monitoring results, 2013</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 1057.48px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02089);" data-canvas-width="336.34886649831657">In 2014, seropositive results in cattle were received in Kyiv (20),</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 1072.26px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03343);" data-canvas-width="349.9192138047139">Dnipropetrovsk (28), Sumy (66), Chernihiv (37) and Zhytomyr (2)</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 282.949px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.960501);" data-canvas-width="350.4066959595961">oblasts using AR, RBT, and CFT. AR tests were positive for one</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 297.73px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.987898);" data-canvas-width="348.6125606060603">small ruminant in Dnipropetrovsk and for three in Sumy oblasts. Five</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 312.511px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00413);" data-canvas-width="284.4357861952862">seropositive pigs were found in Sumy oblast using RBT.</div><div style="left: 465.606px; top: 327.292px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04574);" data-canvas-width="228.24969865319872">Fig. 2. Brucellosis monitoring results, 2014</div><div style="left: 465.606px; top: 342.073px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03646);" data-canvas-width="336.55617205387165">In 2015, seropositive results (AR, RBT, and CFT) in cattle were</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 356.855px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03347);" data-canvas-width="349.88152188552186">obtained in Sumy (8 animals), Dnipropetrovsk (34), and Chernihiv</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 371.636px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.996499);" data-canvas-width="348.85755808080785">(10) oblasts. For small ruminants, one seropositive animal was found</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 386.417px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02646);" data-canvas-width="349.6804983164984">in Dnipropetrovsk and three in Sumy oblasts using AR. Employing</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 401.198px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03387);" data-canvas-width="349.9644441077441">RBT, one pig was diagnosed in Dnipropetrovsk oblast. Two horses</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 415.979px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00075);" data-canvas-width="281.29479292929284">were found positive using RBT and AR in Sumy oblast.</div><div style="left: 465.606px; top: 430.76px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04574);" data-canvas-width="228.24969865319872">Fig. 3. Brucellosis monitoring results, 2015</div><div style="left: 465.606px; top: 445.541px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02297);" data-canvas-width="336.5398388888888">The seropositive animals were destroyed. Bacteriological studies</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 460.323px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00128);" data-canvas-width="101.5294663299663">were not conducted.</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 488.45px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.10256);" data-canvas-width="75.39640235690236">Conclusions</div><div style="left: 465.606px; top: 501.71px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.947031);" data-canvas-width="336.63783787878765">1. During the studies of blood sera of agricultural animals from</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 516.491px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.980117);" data-canvas-width="348.6276373737372">different Ukrainian regions, positive results were obtained in 7 oblasts</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 531.272px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00899);" data-canvas-width="349.29604074074075">of Ukraine indicating a possible circulation of the causative agent of</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 546.053px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0014);" data-canvas-width="57.58068855218855">brucellosis.</div><div style="left: 465.606px; top: 560.834px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02446);" data-canvas-width="341.008844107744">2. Studies need the in-depth analysis that must include</div><div style="left: 452.303px; top: 575.616px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00137);" data-canvas-width="234.15476599326598">bacteriological testing of seropositive animals.</div> ER -