TY - JOUR AU - Torosyan, Liana AU - Avetisyan, Lilit AU - Vanyan, Artavazd PY - 2017/05/02 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Detection of brucellosis through active surveillance, Armenia, 2014 JF - Online Journal of Public Health Informatics JA - OJPHI VL - 9 IS - 1 SE - Surveillance in Low Resource Income Countries DO - 10.5210/ojphi.v9i1.7773 UR - https://ojphi.org/ojs/index.php/ojphi/article/view/7773 SP - AB - <div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 284.47px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.08117);" data-canvas-width="56.563006734006734">Objective</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 297.73px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.949641);" data-canvas-width="336.9167580808079">In the spring of 2014, people from vulnerable households in all</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 312.511px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.973849);" data-canvas-width="345.8786400673399">marzes of Armenia were examined with the aim of active surveillance.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 340.639px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.11744);" data-canvas-width="73.28565488215487">Introduction</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 353.898px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01389);" data-canvas-width="336.10386902356896">Brucellosis is a serious disease caused by bacteria of the Brucella</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 368.68px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.98437);" data-canvas-width="350.94443400673407">genus. It principally affects ruminants but may be transmitted to</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 383.461px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.977423);" data-canvas-width="350.68310336700324">humans. Registration of cases in cattle farms causes considerable</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 398.242px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0164);" data-canvas-width="349.62521683501683">economic losses and creates favorable conditions for mass infection</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 413.023px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02872);" data-canvas-width="349.7307542087543">among humans. In Armenia the expansion of animal industries and</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 427.804px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03895);" data-canvas-width="350.1616984848485">urbanization are the main reasons for occurrence and development</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 442.585px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.001);" data-canvas-width="71.18747138047137">of brucellosis.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 470.713px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0727);" data-canvas-width="51.65049326599326">Methods</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 483.972px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.99297);" data-canvas-width="337.9407218855218">Blood was sampled from people on farms reported as having</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 498.754px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06573);" data-canvas-width="346.1500218855217">infected animals. Blood samples were tested by the Wright-</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 513.535px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01948);" data-canvas-width="349.6490883838383">Huddleston method. The standard case definition of brucellosis was</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 528.316px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01734);" data-canvas-width="349.660395959596">used for diagnosis. A questionnaire-based interview was carried out</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 543.097px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.980234);" data-canvas-width="348.5874326599325">among the population to identify the form of contact with animals and</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 557.878px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.99801);" data-canvas-width="348.8877116161616">to analyze epidemiological links. During the investigation provisions</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 572.659px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01677);" data-canvas-width="351.73345151515116">were followed in governmental decree RA 19.01.2006 N480-N</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 587.44px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03717);" data-canvas-width="352.01614090909044">and brucellosis prevention, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 602.222px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00109);" data-canvas-width="106.0650606060606">preventive measures.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 630.349px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.08437);" data-canvas-width="45.38107070707071">Results</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 643.609px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.985919);" data-canvas-width="335.34374865319853">A total of 11160 people from 1054 households were enrolled in the</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 658.39px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02851);" data-canvas-width="349.88152188552203">study, of which 3625 (32.5%) underwent a laboratory examination.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 673.171px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01183);" data-canvas-width="349.3349890572391">Nearly 6% (641) refused to be tested. Over 6% of those tested (226)</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 687.952px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03051);" data-canvas-width="349.9619313131312">were positive for antibodies to Brucellae. Of these, 129 (3.5%) had</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 702.733px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.981562);" data-canvas-width="348.32358922558893">chronic brucellosis. Those testing positive for brucellosis were treated</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 717.515px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00668);" data-canvas-width="349.1327090909091">appropriately. These included 203 (90%) adults and 23 (10%) below</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 732.296px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.983517);" data-canvas-width="351.04997138047133">14 years old; 147 (65%) were male and 79 (35%) were female.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 747.077px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03974);" data-canvas-width="350.18305723905723">Of those diagnosed with brucellosis, working in animal husbandry</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 761.858px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.974756);" data-canvas-width="348.63768855218837">accounted for 46.6% (106), while those who harvested milk accounted</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 776.639px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00028);" data-canvas-width="312.6544696969696">for 37.6% (85) and those using raw milk made up 15.4% (35).</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 804.767px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.10256);" data-canvas-width="75.39640235690236">Conclusions</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 818.026px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.996573);" data-canvas-width="335.5460286195285">Cases were most frequently reported among people 20-55 years of</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 832.807px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02246);" data-canvas-width="349.7156774410774">age; the highest percentage of positives were among 41-45 year old</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 847.589px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.981168);" data-canvas-width="348.5597919191916">males who had contact with infected animals. The main risk factor for</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 862.37px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00482);" data-canvas-width="212.5196043771044">acquiring brucellosis is animal husbandry.</div> ER -